Track your female dog's heat cycle and predict her next season. Plan for breeding or prevention.
Larger dogs typically have longer cycles
The heat cycle (estrus) is a natural reproductive process in intact female dogs. Understanding the phases helps you plan for breeding, prevent unwanted pregnancies, and provide appropriate care during this time.
7-10 days
5-14 days (fertile)
60-90 days
4-5 months
Most dogs go into heat twice a year (every 6 months). Smaller breeds may cycle 3-4 times per year, while giant breeds may only cycle once yearly. Cycles become regular after the first 1-2 years.
A complete heat cycle lasts 2-4 weeks. The fertile period (estrus) is typically days 9-14, when the dog can become pregnant. Some dogs show signs for up to 4 weeks.
Signs include swollen vulva, bloody discharge, increased urination, behavioral changes (restlessness, clinginess), and attracting male dogs. Some dogs become more affectionate or irritable.
Most dogs have their first heat between 6-12 months. Smaller breeds often start earlier (6-9 months) while larger breeds may not start until 12-24 months.
Spaying (ovariohysterectomy) permanently prevents heat cycles and offers health benefits including reduced cancer risk. Discuss timing with your veterinarian.
The optimal breeding time is during estrus, typically days 9-14 of the cycle. Progesterone testing by a vet provides the most accurate timing for successful breeding.